Realistic propagation effects on wireless sensor networks for landslide management

Nattakarn Shutimarrungson,Pongpisit Wuttidittachotti

doi:10.1186/s13638-019-1412-6

Abstract

This paper presents the development of propagation models for wireless sensor networks for landslide management systems. Measurements of path loss in potential areas of landslide occurrence in Thailand were set up. The effect of the vegetation and mountain terrain in the particular area was therefore taken into account regarding the measured path loss. The measurement was carried out with short-range transmission/reception at 2400 MHz corresponding to IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks. The measurement setup was divided into two main cases, namely, the transmitting and receiving antennas installed on the ground and 1-m high above the ground. The measurement results are shown in this paper and used to develop propagation models suitable for operation of short-range wireless sensor networks of landslide management systems. The propagation model developed for the first case was achieved by fitting the averaged experimental data by the log-normal model plus the standard deviation. For the second case, the model was derived from the ray tracing theory. The mountain-side reflection path was added into the model which contained the reflection coefficient defined for the soil property. Furthermore, the resulting propagation models were employed in order to realistically evaluate the performance of wireless sensor networks via simulations which were conducted by using Castalia. In the simulations, the sensor nodes were placed as deterministic and random distributions within square simulated networks. The comparison between the results obtained from the deterministic and random distributions are discussed.

Highlights

A landslide, which is a globally widespread and short-lived phenomenon, causes a number of human losses of life and injury and extensive economic damage to private and public properties
4.2 Results In order to evaluate the performance of the wireless sensor networks for the landslide management systems, the a b
5 Conclusion In this paper, the development of propagation models has been proposed for wireless sensor networks for landslide management systems

Summary

Introduction

A landslide, which is a globally widespread and short-lived phenomenon, causes a number of human losses of life and injury and extensive economic damage to private and public properties. 3.1 Measurement setup In order to develop an appropriate propagation model for the short-range wireless sensor network of the landslide management systems, measurements were conducted in a potential landslide area on the small mountain of Nakhon Ratchasima province in Thailand during the rainy season, when the average monthly rainfall was 80 mm. It should be noted that the path loss obtained from the developed propagation model when Γ = 0 which means the transmitted power was completely absorbed by the soil, was almost identical to that of the free space model This indicates that there was no reflection from the ground and mountain-side paths. There exists only the LOS path in the path loss of the predicted results This reveals that our developed propagation model can be applied to other mountains that possess different soil properties by choosing the appropriate reflection coefficient Γ

Practical simulations for wireless sensor networks

Conclusion

Additional file