Abstract
We report the first quantum entanglement experiment in South Africa. The spatial modes of the entangled photon pair were investigated with their potential for high-dimensional entanglement. The generation, measurement and characterisation of the entangled states were examined in detail and we show high-dimensional entanglement in a Hilbert space of dimension 25. High-dimensional entanglement introduces the possibility for more secure communication and more efficient computations. We highlight the experimental challenges contained within each step and provide practical techniques for future experiments in the quantum regime.
Highlights
One of the most astonishing features of quantum mechanics is that of the entanglement of particles
Shih and Alley[7] were the first to demonstrate a violation of Bell’s inequality using Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC)-generated photon pairs. This demonstration was the start of various polarisation–entanglement experiments; in 2001, it was shown that the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light could be used as a basis for entanglement
We have introduced the techniques and equipment required to demonstrate quantum entanglement in the OAM basis
Summary
One of the most astonishing features of quantum mechanics is that of the entanglement of particles. Local hidden variable theory assumes that nature can be described by local processes, in which information and correlations propagate at most at the speed of light and in which the observables of a physical system are determined by some unknown (hidden) variables It was not until the 1960s when Bell’s inequality (and Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) Bell’s inequality2) demonstrated the possibility of practical experiments to test the validity of quantum theory with respect to local hidden variable theories. Shih and Alley[7] were the first to demonstrate a violation of Bell’s inequality using SPDC-generated photon pairs This demonstration was the start of various polarisation–entanglement experiments; in 2001, it was shown that the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light could be used as a basis for entanglement. The paper should serve as a useful guide to encourage further quantum experiments in the region
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