REALIA IN ORIGINAL AND TRANSLATION

Abstract

The article summarises views of different scientists of the realia definition, their classification and their rendering while translating. Research has been done on the basis of Russian Fairy Tales collected by A.N. Afanas’ev and their translation into English by Norbert Guterman. World literature unites literature of different countries into the whole system. It constantly develops and lives under its own laws. Folk literature, namely fairy tales, occupies a specific place among cultural literary legacy of the humanity. Language is considered to reflect any national culture. It bears national and cultural code of a particular ethnic group. Language does not exist beyond culture. The close link between language and culture study is obvious. There are such linguistic units in any language in which national-cultural component is implied in their semantics. They are precedent words, realia, addresses, proper names, phraseological units etc. These are phenomena which scientists call non-equivalent lexis. The mostly widespread term to denote ethnic and cultural / ethnic and specific lexis is a term “realia”. The problem of rendering realia while translating is considered to be one of most complicated in cross cultural aspect and national and cultural identity investigations of a language and speech. It is translation itself which aims at saving linguistic and cultural variety as a heritage of civilization. Translation is the means of protecting national languages and cultures, giving them impulse for self-developing and at the same time preventing them from excessive another language influence. Literary translation unites masterpieces of national cultures into classic world literature/ This fact gives each of us the unique chance to see our world through the lens of another ethnic group, another mentality representative. This article is dedicated to the question of rendering realia while translating.