Abstract
Purpose: Bladder carbogen and nicotinamide (BCON), combined with radiotherapy, is a standard of care in the bladder-preserving treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). With evidence of survival advantage, NICE recommends neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) before bladder preservation. However, in the definitive trial, patients did not receive NAC. This study assessed real-world outcomes of BCON alone or with NAC (NAC-BCON).
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