Abstract
With the growth of the internet of things (IoT), many challenges like information security and privacy, interoperability/standard, and regulatory and legal issues are arising. This work focused on the information security issue, which is one of the primary challenges faced by connected systems that needs to be resolved without impairing system behaviour. Information, which is made available on the Internet by the things, varies from insensitive information (e.g., readings from outdoor temperature sensors) to extremely sensitive information (e.g., video stream from a camera) and needs to be secured over the Internet. Things which utilise cameras as a source of information pertain to a subclass of the IoT called IoVT (internet of video things). This paper presents secured and unsecured video latency measurement results over the Internet for a marine ROV (remotely operated vehicle). A LabVIEW field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)-based bump-in-the-wire (BITW) secure core is used to provide an AES (advanced encryption standard)-enabled security feature on the video stream of an IoVT node (ROV equipped with a live-feed camera). The designed LabVIEW-based software architecture provides an option to enable/disable the AES encryption for the video transmission. The latency effects of embedding encryption on the stream with real-time constraints are measured and presented. It is found that the encryption mechanism used does not greatly influence the video feedback performance of the observed IoVT node, which is critical for real-time secure video communication for ROV remote control and piloting. The video latency measurement results are taken using 128, 256 and 512 bytes block lengths of AES for both H.264 and MJPEG encoding schemes transmitted over both TCP and UDP transmission protocols. The latency measurement is performed in two scenarios (i.e., with matching equipment and different equipment on either end of the transmission).
Highlights
The number of things that are connected to the Internet is growing considerably
Each combination of options, which is supported by the equipment, was tested. These include the following options: encoding algorithm, transport protocol, encryption on or off and encrypted string length. The motivation for such comprehensive testing lies in the desire to achieve the following goals: draw conclusion about the effect of encryption on video and network latencies; determine a set of parameters which result in optimal performance of encrypted video in terms of video latency; compare the latencies of encrypted and unencrypted video streams; compare obtained results to our previously published work [12]
Full encryption of video streams with real-time requirements was conducted for a remote-control marine-based application with live video feedback to a human pilot
Summary
The number of things that are connected to the Internet is growing considerably. Because of this, a new concept, called IoT (internet of things) is emerging [1]. Technical significance results because IoT potentially enables us to connect, manage and control devices on the Internet, which were previously unconnected. The social significance is because interconnection of so many things will result in a multi interconnected smart world, in which many of the machines and the elements around us will be communicating with each other without any kind of human intervention. This certainly has the potential to improve the quality of human life. Available online: https://ffmpeg.org/libavcodec.html (accessed on 19 April 2019).
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