Abstract
随着中国铁路里程跨越式增长,铁路货车重载化程度不断提高。利用铁路沿线既有通信光缆提出了一种基于光纤中背向瑞利散射信号干涉技术,光纤发生细微振动时,会导致扰动位置的光纤相位及折射率发生变化从而产生背向瑞利散射光。对前后时刻瑞利信号曲线进行差值运算,差分曲线上干涉光强信号发生变化的位置,对应扰动发生的位置,从而实现对铁路车辆的识别和定位,通过采集振动信号的时频特性域信号进行分析,提取信号强度、列车长度和车厢个数等特征,对车型进行精确识别。该技术与传统定位技术相比,可以实现长距离监测,且传感光纤埋藏于铁路两旁的地下,有利于光纤的隐蔽和保护。实验测试结果表明,系统对列车位置的定位误差在±10 m内,可以实现25 km内对列车速度以及位置的监测。
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