Abstract
Visualizing the movement of angiocatheters during endovascular interventions is typically accomplished using x-ray fluoroscopy. There are many potential advantages to developing magnetic resonance imaging-based approaches that will allow three-dimensional imaging of the tissue/vasculature interface while monitoring other physiologically-relevant criteria, without exposing the patient or clinician team to ionizing radiation. Here we introduce a proof-of-concept development of a magnetic resonance imaging-guided catheter tracking method that utilizes hyperpolarized silicon particles. The increased signal of the silicon particles is generated via low-temperature, solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization, and the particles retain their enhanced signal for ≥40 minutes—allowing imaging experiments over extended time durations. The particles are affixed to the tip of standard medical-grade catheters and are used to track passage under set distal and temporal points in phantoms and live mouse models. With continued development, this method has the potential to supplement x-ray fluoroscopy and other MRI-guided catheter tracking methods as a zero-background, positive contrast agent that does not require ionizing radiation.
Highlights
Can be especially problematic for pediatric patients[7], who have a much longer anticipated lifetime and a greater potential for multiple procedures
(b) Angiocatheter (5 Fr) loaded with ~6 mg of silicon particles moving through Y-shaped hollow plastic phantom to simulate branching of vasculature; picture of catheter and phantom superimposed with a composite of 29Si Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images
Longer time durations of continuous imaging are possible using the same allotment of hyperpolarized particles. In this proof-of-concept study, we have demonstrated the viability of passive catheter tracking using hyperpolarized 29Si MRI using both phantoms and mouse models, over long time durations and in real time, and in both two and three dimensions
Summary
Can be especially problematic for pediatric patients[7], who have a much longer anticipated lifetime and a greater potential for multiple procedures. We demonstrate catheter tracking both over long time durations (40 minutes) and in real time (refresh rate of 6.25 FPS), as well as two-dimensional and three-dimensional catheter guidance visualization This method of passive catheter tracking provides background-free positive contrast using a standard medical-grade catheter and does not require the catheter to be filled with a liquid tracer. The biocompatible silicon particles are commercially available and would contribute minimally to the cost of the procedure (the work presented here required ~3¢ of silicon particles), and are hyperpolarized using a well-characterized[21] modality that has recently been made available for clinical studies of 13C-labeled metabolic tracers[22] With further development, this approach could have a situational clinical role as a non-ionizing, zero-background, positive contrast imaging agent for real-time catheter guidance using MRI
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