Abstract
Current research in the field of real-time monitoring of water quality is reviewed from an Australian perspective. The desirable features of continuous monitoring instruments and progress in developing multi-parameter real-time instruments are considered first. Then Australian R&D in the three main areas involved in developing a complete instrument are considered; these are sample preparation and handling, new sensors and sensing chemistry, and finally data capture, processing and display. The review identifies five areas where developments are needed: new methods for handling and processing ‘real’ ( i.e. ‘dirty’ and heterogeneous) samples; the development of new sensors to provide more detailed information on particular forms ( e.g. bioavailable) of contaminants; new sensors for detecting and quantifying the presence of low concentrations of toxic organic compounds in natural waters; new real-time methods for assessing the microbial quality of waters; and greater use of chemometrics in processing the signals obtained from complex sample matrices.
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