Real-Time FPGA/CPU-Based Simulation of a Full-Electric Vehicle Integrated with a High-Fidelity Electric Drive Model

Bowen Jiang,Chuan Li,Yujing Liu,Nimananda Sharma,Xiaoliang Huang

doi:10.3390/en15051824

Bowen Jiang, Chuan Li + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/en15051824

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Journal: Energies	Publication Date: Mar 1, 2022
Citations: 4	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Chalmers University of Technology

Abstract

Real-time simulations refer to the simulations of a physical system where model equations for one time-step are solved within the same time period as in reality. An FPGA/CPU-based real-time simulation platform is presented in this paper, with a full-electric vehicle model implemented in a central processing unit (CPU) board and an electric drive model implemented in a field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) board. It has been a challenge to interface two models solved with two different processors. In this paper, one open-loop and three closed-loop interfaces are proposed. Real-time simulation results show that the best method is to transmit electric machine speed from the vehicle model to the electric derive model, with feedback electric machine torque calculated in FPGA. In addition, a virtual vehicle testing tool (CarMaker) is used when building the vehicle model, achieving more accurate modeling of vehicle subsystems. The presented platform can be used to verify advanced vehicle control functions during hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing. Vehicle anti-slip control is used as an example here. Finally, experiments were performed by connecting the real-time platform with a back-to-back electric machine test bench. Results of torque, rotor speed, and d&q axis currents are all in good agreement between simulations and experiments.

Highlights

Vehicle electrification has become more and more important in recent years, especially when people put more attention on achieving low-carbon transportation and reducing harmful exhaust emissions
This is due to the limitation of speed control implemented in the load machine, which does not allow a low speed ramp-up when torque is applied on the shaft
A real-time simulation platform is proposed in this paper

Summary

Introduction

Vehicle electrification has become more and more important in recent years, especially when people put more attention on achieving low-carbon transportation and reducing harmful exhaust emissions. Many new technologies are being investigated to enhance the overall performance of BEVs. Offline simulation is the first step to develop a new vehicle function [2]. The time limit on calculating the target system model is relatively low, because only the logic and feasibility of the new function need to be studied in this step [3]. Real-time simulation aims at testing the maneuverability and effectiveness of the new function, and it is commonly used in hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing [4,5]. During HIL testing, it is of particular importance to coordinate the frequency of the function control signals and the real-time model simulation time-step [6]

Methods

Results

Conclusion