Real-time continuous glucose monitoring: a review

Abstract

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is preferably recommended for diabetic patients with Type 1, Gestational, and Type 2 diabetes via multiple insulin injections. There is an increasing awareness about its use, even among patients without Diabetes. This review aims to assess the indications, benefits, and future perspectives of CGM. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and the first 100 articles in Google Scholar, for articles published in English and assessed the indications, benefits, and recent updates on CGM. The search criteria were limited to articles published from 2013 to November 2022. The keywords such as CGM, indications, benefits, and updates were used. CGM is recommended for use among both types of Diabetes through continuous insulin injections. In addition, CGM is beneficial to patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and patients that experience frequent hypoglycemic attacks. Although CGM is imperative for diabetic patients, the cost is a major limiting factor. There is an increasing awareness about the use of CGM among patients without Diabetes to avoid Diabetes, improve life quality, and enhance mental and physical health. The effects of CGM on HbA1c might be conflicting. However, it improved time in the range, microvascular complications, and fetus and mother complications.