Abstract

With the increase in cardiac transcatheter interventions, multiplane 2-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and intracardiac echocardiography have emerged as guiding tools, but they have potential limitations in clarifying the spatial relationship of the catheters relative to surrounding structures.1 Recently, the use of real-time 3-dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiography has been reported in Amplatzer closure device procedures2 and in endomyocardial diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.3 The real-time 3D technology now has been merged with TEE to provide superior high resolution for the real-time volume image from the …

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