Abstract
Abstract On the basis of a simple test problem, three examples of the effect of boundary layers on large scale flows in three-dimensional hydrodynamical models are discussed. In the first case, an artificial, numerically induced residual flow is shown to arise from an inappropriate lateral boundary condition and the staggered nature of the computational grid. The second example demonstrates that the lack of sufficient horizontal resolution along the lateral boundaries can have a deleterious effect on the speed of propagation of long gravity waves. The last example concerns the effects on the speed of propagation of long gravity waves of the parameterization of the bottom stress in 3-D and 2-D models.
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