Abstract
Vapor containment structures designed for pressurized water reactors in Belgium, Spain, Japan, Italy, and Switzerland are described. They cover the following: Single containment steel shell; single containment reinforced concrete cylindrical shell with steel dome; partial double containment; steel shell with exterior annulus and exterior secondary shielding; double containment also called zero leakage containment; steel shell with complete reinforced concrete enclosure, with steel liner. Basic design features, including thermal gradient, allowable stresses, and earthquake design are also studied.
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