Reactivity of TpRu(L)(NCMe)R (L = CO, PMe 3; R = Me, Ph) systems with isonitriles: Experimental and computational studies toward the intra- and intermolecular hydroarylation of isonitriles

Abstract

The Ru(II) phenyl complex TpRu(PMe 3)(NCMe)Ph {Tp = hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate} reacts with isonitriles to form complexes of the type TpRu(PMe 3)(C NR)Ph (R = t Bu, CH 2Ph, CH 2CH 2Ph). Neither thermal nor photolytic reactions of these systems with excess isonitrile and benzene resulted in the production of corresponding imines. DFT studies that probed the energetics of the desired catalytic transformations revealed that (Tab)Ru(PH 3)(C NCH 2CH 2Ph)Ph {Tab = tris(azo)borate} is the most stable species in a proposed catalytic cycle. Exclusive of calculated transition states, the highest points on the calculated free energy surface are 34 kcal/mol, for (Tab)Ru(PH 3)( o,η 2- C, C-CNCH 2CH 2Ph)Ph {relative to the starting material (Tab)Ru(PH 3)(C NCH 2CH 2Ph)Ph}, and 27 kcal/mol for the C–H activation product (Tab)Ru(PH 3)( o-C 6H 4CH 2CH 2NC) and benzene. The substantial increases in free energy result primarily from the loss of the stable ruthenium–η 1-isonitrile interaction.