Abstract
The proposed method of ground tire rubber (GTR) utilization involves the application of trans-polyoctenamer rubber (TOR), a commercially available waste rubber modifier. The idea was to investigate the influence of various curing additives (sulfur, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBS), dibenzothiazole disulfide (MBTS) and di-(2-ethyl)hexylphosphorylpolysulfide (SDT)) on curing characteristics, physico-mechanical, thermal, acoustic properties as well as the morphology of modified GTR, in order to evaluate the possibility of reclaiming GTR and the co-cross-linking between applied components. The results showed that the presence of the modifier without the addition of curing additives hinders the physico-mechanical properties of revulcanized GTR. The addition of SDT, CBS, MBTS and sulfur change the melting kinetics of TOR, indicating partial degradation and/or co-cross-linking between components. In the studied conditions, the best mechanical properties were obtained by the samples cured with sulfur. The morphology analysis, combined with the physico-mechanical results, indicated that when the surface of the GTR is more developed, obtained by the addition of TOR, the properties of the GTR improve.
Highlights
The growing demand for tires, due to increasing consumerism and logistics solutions, contributes to the generation of an increase in waste rubber, which is structurally challenging to recycle [1,2].Researches, and activities of national governments, have been undertaken for years in order to find appropriate solutions to treat this problematic material which presents a threat to the environment and human health [3]
Special coding of tested samples was used according to GTR/TORX where GTR is a ground tire rubber, trans-polyoctenamer rubber (TOR) stands for Vestenamer 8012 and X stands for applied curing agent/accelerator
The idea was to investigate the influence of curing agents/accelerators on curing characteristics, physico-mechanical, thermal, acoustic properties and morphology of the modified GTR
Summary
The growing demand for tires, due to increasing consumerism and logistics solutions, contributes to the generation of an increase in waste rubber, which is structurally challenging to recycle [1,2]. A high number of published studies, covering the subject of waste rubber management, focus on specific recycling that uses ground tire rubber (GTR) as input material The rubber in this form can be processed via methods that generate shear forces, transforming part of the material into sol by the scission of cross-links and main chains [6,7]. The ratio of rubber to a soluble part depends on the reclaiming method [12], which usually has a mechanical, physical, chemical, biological, or combined background Such treatment produces scission of the cross-links and main chains, which translates to an improvement of flowability, and oxidization of the surface, resulting in the appearance of hydroxyl groups [13]. The modified reclaimed rubbers have undergone a reactive sintering process, and the obtained revulcanizates were characterized by curing and swelling characteristics, tensile tests, hardness, density, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, acoustic properties, and differential scanning calorimetry
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