Abstract
Cubic-shaped Ag3PO4 crystals with a mean size of 1 μm were synthesized by a precipitation method from a mixed solution of AgNO3, Na2HPO4, and triethanolamine. The antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, and Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 in both the absence and presence of Ag3PO4 under dark conditions and in the presence of Ag3PO4 under red-light (625 nm) and blue-light (460 nm) irradiation were examined. The concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also measured in the antibacterial action of the Ag3PO4 against Escherichia coli. The photoinduced enhancement of the Ag3PO4 antibacterial activity under blue-light irradiation is explained by the formation of ROS during the antibacterial action of the Ag3PO4. Moreover, the antiviral activity of Ag3PO4 against amphotropic 10A1 murine leukemia virus enhanced under blue-light irradiation via ROS production. These results provide an insight into extended bio-applications of Ag3PO4.
Highlights
Photoenhanced catalytic and antibacterial materials have been extensively investigated in efforts to eliminate organic pollutants and microorganisms from wastewater (Chatterjee and Dasgupta 2005; Lapworth et al 2012; Mouele et al 2015; Schwarzenbach et al 2006)
We assessed the role of ROSmediated behavior in the photoinduced antibacterial and antiviral activities of Ag3PO4 crystals against various bacteria and amphotropic 10A1 murine leukemia virus (MLV), respectively
When Ag3PO4 crystals were present under dark conditions, the growth rate of E. coli decreased compared with the growth rate in the control experiment and the halfmaximal growth time increased to 11.0 h
Summary
Photoenhanced catalytic and antibacterial materials have been extensively investigated in efforts to eliminate organic pollutants and microorganisms from wastewater (Chatterjee and Dasgupta 2005; Lapworth et al 2012; Mouele et al 2015; Schwarzenbach et al 2006). In the process where electrons from the conduction band recombine with holes from the valence band of photocatalytic materials, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anions (O2−), hydroxyl radicals (OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2) are produced (Dickinson and Chang 2011; Li et al 2012) These ROS play an important role in the photoenhanced catalytic activities. To determine the viral titer, 1 mL of virus-containing supernatants and 2 μg/mL Ag3PO4 were mixed at 37 °C for different irradiation time under the blue and red light sources. The cells were incubated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 500 μM DCFH-DA for 1 h at room temperature in the dark.
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