Abstract
Reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) induced lipid peroxidation plays a critical role in cell death including apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. This fundamental and conserved mechanism is based on an excess of ROS which attacks biomembranes, propagates lipid peroxidation chain reactions, and subsequently induces different types of cell death. A highly evolved sophisticated antioxidant system exists that acts to protect the cells from oxidative damage. In this review, we discussed how ROS propagate lipid peroxidation chain reactions and how the products of lipid peroxidation initiate apoptosis and autophagy in current models. We also discussed the mechanism of lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis, and we summarized lipid peroxidation in pathological conditions of critical illness. We aim to bring a more global and integrative sight to know how different ROS-induced lipid peroxidation occurs among apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis.
Highlights
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by normal physiological processes and play important roles in cell signaling and tissue homeostasis [1]
We summarize the processes of Reactive oxygen species- (ROS-)induced lipid peroxidation among apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis and discuss how they come together to affect the fate of a cell in a more global and integrative way
The connectivity of ROS-induced lipid peroxidation caused by apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis manifests themselves in a seamless balance between life and death in response to cellular stress (Figure 4)
Summary
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by normal physiological processes and play important roles in cell signaling and tissue homeostasis [1]. Lipid peroxidation is a process in which free radical species such as oxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, and hydroxyl radicals remove electrons from lipids and subsequently produce reactive intermediates that can undergo further reactions. The lipid peroxidation damages phospholipids directly and can act as cell death signal which induces programmed cell death. Ferroptosis, a new form of programmed cell death, has been found to be caused by lipid peroxidation [4], which highlights lipid peroxidation during the physiological process of cell death. We summarize the processes of ROS-induced lipid peroxidation among apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis and discuss how they come together to affect the fate of a cell in a more global and integrative way
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