Abstract
Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic stress conditions, such as drought, salinity, heavy metals, waterlogging, extreme temperatures, oxygen deprivation, etc., greatly influence plant growth and development, ultimately affecting crop yield and quality, as well as agricultural sustainability in general. Plant cells produce oxygen radicals and their derivatives, so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS), during various processes associated with abiotic stress. Moreover, the generation of ROS is a fundamental process in higher plants and employs to transmit cellular signaling information in response to the changing environmental conditions. One of the most crucial consequences of abiotic stress is the disturbance of the equilibrium between the generation of ROS and antioxidant defense systems triggering the excessive accumulation of ROS and inducing oxidative stress in plants. Notably, the equilibrium between the detoxification and generation of ROS is maintained by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems under harsh environmental stresses. Although this field of research has attracted massive interest, it largely remains unexplored, and our understanding of ROS signaling remains poorly understood. In this review, we have documented the recent advancement illustrating the harmful effects of ROS, antioxidant defense system involved in ROS detoxification under different abiotic stresses, and molecular cross-talk with other important signal molecules such as reactive nitrogen, sulfur, and carbonyl species. In addition, state-of-the-art molecular approaches of ROS-mediated improvement in plant antioxidant defense during the acclimation process against abiotic stresses have also been discussed.
Highlights
Environmental stresses, including salinity, drought, extreme temperature, toxic metals/metalloids, flooding/waterlogging (WL), etc. are prevalent due to drastic and harsh climate change [1,2]
We summarize the recent progress of harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant defense system involved in ROS detoxification under different abiotic stresses, and the cross-talk of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reactive sulfur species (RSS), and reactive carbonyl species (RCS) with ROS
Similar findings were reported by Christou et al [20] who showed that strawberry plants pretreated with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) under High temperature (HT) stress (42 ◦C, 8 h) became more resilient than unprimed, stressed plants, and this was linked with the enhanced transcription of AsA (GDH) and GSH biosynthetic enzymes (GS, GCS), as well as enzymatic antioxidants
Summary
Environmental stresses, including salinity, drought, extreme temperature, toxic metals/metalloids, flooding/waterlogging (WL), etc. are prevalent due to drastic and harsh climate change [1,2]. Maintaining an optimum ROS level in the cell enables proper redox biology reactions and the regulation of numerous processes essential for plants such as growth and development [11] This intermediate level is maintained by the balance between ROS production and ROS scavenging [4]. NADPH oxidase and quinone reductase guided the ROS production in the plasma membrane [58,59] Apart from these prime sites, cytochrome (Cyt) P450 produces O2− in the endoplasmic reticulum. As well as GOX and UO activities, produce O2− and H2O2 in glyoxysomes [60] Both XOD and aldehyde oxidase (AO) are potentially involved in cytosolic ROS production [61]
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