Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in the oral cavity of a cardiac patient – case report

Abstract

This descriptive observational study reports a case of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in the oral cavity of a pediatric cardiac patient followed up at a public tertiary care hospital. This male patient was five years old, with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, treated with Carvedilol, Furosemide, Losartan, Warfarin, Montelukast, and beclometasone. His legal guardian reported an increased amount of tissue on the floor of the mouth ongoing for approximately 24 hours, followed by prostration, fever, bilateral lymphadenopathy, and a refusal to eat. After removal of the oral infectious foci (carious lesions) in the operating room, regression of the lesion and symptoms was observed, suggesting a diagnosis of a lesion caused by reactional lymphoid hyperplasia, a rare and benign condition in which there is an increase in tissue volume, caused by the proliferation of lymphoid cells to fight an aggressor agent.