Abstract
Graphene-based materials show great promise in wearable electronics due to their remarkable properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, high flexibility and light weight.
Highlights
IntroductionDramatic decrease in the magnitude of the electromagnetic wave propagated on the metal surface and is called the skin effect.[3,6,7,8] (2) With miniaturization of antennas, it becomes tremendously challenging to fabricate using printed circuit board (PCB) technology.[9,10,11]
Graphene-based materials show great promise in wearable electronics due to their remarkable properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, high flexibility and light weight
Which is detrimental to the electrical conductivity of printed features; (2) The post-annealing step commonly requires a high temperature which is harmful to most wearable substrates such as textiles; (3) Gold and silver nanoparticles are expensive; and (4) Copper is oxidised when exposed to an ambient environment, which results in a short life-time of the fabricated electronics.[26,27,28]
Summary
Dramatic decrease in the magnitude of the electromagnetic wave propagated on the metal surface and is called the skin effect.[3,6,7,8] (2) With miniaturization of antennas, it becomes tremendously challenging to fabricate using printed circuit board (PCB) technology.[9,10,11]. High-resolution patterning is one of the key processes for fabricating flexible electronics.[12,13,14,15] several commonly used techniques for device fabrication including lithography,[16] template-assisted synthesis,[17] and chemical vapor deposition (CVD)[18] usually require complex multi-step procedures that are often incompatible with the fabrication of antennas that have dimensions much larger than those of present day CMOS devices This usually results in the integration of the antenna either in the package or as a separate component mounted via the PCB. The echo loss and gain of 2.4 G smartphones were found at a DNS latency of 243 ms and a network speed of 4.64 million bits per second (Mbps), comparable to current commercial mobile phone antennas (237 ms and 5 Mbps) This approach combines the advantages of both reactive inkjet printing and graphene-based materials, and facilitates the fast and cost-effective fabrication of antennas. It provides an on-demand facile integration of graphene into various flexible substrates and electronic devices
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