Abstract
Reactive extraction is a significant technique employed for the removal of organic acids such as carboxylic acid which are usually present in low concentrations in aqueous solutions. This technique was explored by applying Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in process parameter optimization for malic acid recovery from aqueous streams using Trioctylamine as extractant and 1-decanol as organic diluent. Malic acid, a C4 dicarboxylic acid has a wide variety of applications in the polymer, food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The optimization of the response function: extraction efficiency was systematically carried out using three process parameters for reactive extraction: temperature, initial malic acid concentration and extractant (Trioctylamine) composition. Response Surface Methodology in combination with Box-Behnken design involving seventeen experimental runs was employed for malic acid reactive extraction in this study. A statistical second-order polynomial predicted an extraction efficiency of 97.53%. The optimum conditions of the process variables were found to be: temperature: 304.73 K, acid concentration: 0.25 kmol/m3, Trioctylamine composition: 23.54% (v/v). Under these optimum conditions, the experimental response of extraction efficiency of 93.25% was obtained. The experimental results obtained was in close conformity with the predicted values by numerical optimization using Response Surface Methodology. These findings can pave the way for the reactive separation process design for recovery of carboxylic acids from dilute aqueous waste streams as well as a fermentation broth.
Highlights
Reactive extraction is a significant technique employed for the removal of organic acids such as carboxylic acid which are usually present in low concentrations in aqueous solutions
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to predict the correlation between independent process variables and the corresponding responses and a second-order polynomial equation was obtained for extraction efficiency of malic acid and is presented in “Eq (1)”
The contour plots and three dimensional (3D) graphs were generated as a result of the effects of the interaction between two independent variables on the response by maintaining one constant process variables at zero levels[34]
Summary
Reactive extraction is a significant technique employed for the removal of organic acids such as carboxylic acid which are usually present in low concentrations in aqueous solutions This technique was explored by applying Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in process parameter optimization for malic acid recovery from aqueous streams using Trioctylamine as extractant and 1-decanol as organic diluent. The experimental results obtained was in close conformity with the predicted values by numerical optimization using Response Surface Methodology. These findings can pave the way for the reactive separation process design for recovery of carboxylic acids from dilute aqueous waste streams as well as a fermentation broth
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