Abstract
Reactions of oxidized lithium with ZnO have been investigated by means of conductivity measurements. Donors are formed in ZnO if the atmosphere surrounding the crystal is reducing. The donor centre is probably the molecular ion LiO 2−. Oxidizing conditions favor an acceptor center presumably obtained by displacement of a lattice zinc atom by lithium. Solubilities and diffusion coefficients were measured and some results are reported for the kinetics and equilibria of the displacement reaction. High temperatures favor displacement. In one atmosphere of oxygen the Fermi level, which is normally near the top of the 3.0 eV band gap, can be pushed down to the centre of the band gap. Impractically high oxygen pressures would be required to produce strongly p-type material. The precipitation of lithium on dislocations and their decoration were also studied.
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