Abstract

Ionic liquids are gaining much interest as replacements for traditional organic solvents due to their attractive properties, such as low flammability and vapour pressure. The extensive number of available anion and cation combinations leads to many possible ionic liquids, and allows for tailor-made ionic liquids to be prepared featuring specific physical and chemical properties. This chapter focuses on the use of ionic liquids as solvents for organic processes, with particular emphasis on understanding the microscopic origin of the changes in reaction outcome observed when moving from a molecular to an ionic solvent. A series of examples of the outcomes of different organic reaction types performed in ionic liquids are described, with a particular interest in studies that feature detailed kinetic analyses. The work presented focuses on understanding the interactions between the components of an ionic liquid and species along the reaction coordinate when rationalising the observed solvent effects, as well as the importance of considering the proportion of ionic liquid present in the reaction mixture. Keywords: ionic liquids; kinetic analyses; melting point; organic reactions; solvent effects; rate of reaction; selectivity

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