Reaction of wild Solanaceae rootstocks to the parasitism of (Meloidogyne javanica)

Jéssica Cardoso,Fernanda D Brandelero,Thiago de O Vargas,Rosangela Dallemole-Giaretta,Talita S Kutz,Luiza Tonelli

doi:10.1590/s0102-053620190102

Jéssica Cardoso, Fernanda D Brandelero + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620190102

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Intensive production of vegetables in greenhouses can increase the amount of inoculum of soil-borne pathogens, such as the root-knot nematode. Thus, in this study we aimed to evaluate the potential of Solanaceae as rootstocks resistant to Meloidogyne javanica nematodes as an alternative to tomato grafting. The experiment consisted of seven treatments: wild species joá-vermelho (Solanum capsicoides), joá-bagudo (Solanum palinacanthum), joá-bravo (Solanum viarum), jurubeba (Solanum spp.) and the commercial tomato cultivars Santa Cruz Kada, Batalha and Guardião. The analyzed variables were gall index; egg mass index; final nematode population; reproduction factor (FR) and reaction: susceptibility, resistance and immunity; fresh shoot and root mass and number of eggs per gram of roots. The wild species joá-vermelho, joá-bagudo and jurubeba showed resistance, with the lowest indexes of galls, egg mass, final population of nematodes and number of eggs per gram of root, not differing from the resistant control treatment (hybrid rootstock Guardião), with a reproduction factor less than 1, showing potential to be used as a resistant rootstock to M. javanica. Joá-bravo species showed susceptibility to the root-knot nematode, with a FR>1, not differing from the susceptible tomato Santa Cruz Kada. These results confirm the resistance of wild species to nematode parasitism, which can prove the viability of use as possible alternative rootstocks, and reinforce the idea that more studies should be carried out aiming to provide more viable options for farmers and plantlet producers.

Highlights

A produção intensiva de hortaliças em ambiente protegido pode aumentar a quantidade de inóculo de patógenos habitantes do solo, a exemplo dos nematoides das galhas
The inoculum of root knot nematode M. javanica used in the experiment was obtained from a pure population kept in tomato plants, grown in a greenhouse
The species joá-bravo showed the highest value for both variables, due to high ratio of Pf/MRF, proving the high susceptibility of this species to nematode M. javanica

Summary

Introduction

A produção intensiva de hortaliças em ambiente protegido pode aumentar a quantidade de inóculo de patógenos habitantes do solo, a exemplo dos nematoides das galhas. As espécies joá-vermelho, joá-bagudo e jurubeba foram resistentes, apresentando os menores índices de galhas, massa de ovos, população final de nematoides e número de ovos por grama de raiz, não diferindo do tratamento testemunha resistente (portaenxerto híbrido Guardião), com um fator de reprodução menor que 1, indicando potencial de utilização como porta-enxerto resistente a M. javanica. Grown in protected environment, the tomato crop stands out due to its high sensitivity to inclement weather (Gusmão et al, 2006; Bergougnoux et al, 2014; Çelik et al, 2017) and susceptibility to several pests and diseases, which makes this cultivation difficult, with economic and environmental risk factors, caused by excessive use of chemical products (Luz et al, 2007; Loos et al, 2008)

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