Reaction of nitrogen dioxide with polystyrene films

Abstract

AbstractThe reaction of nitrogen dioxide with thin polystyrene films has been investigated at 35°C with different partial pressures of NO2 (0.1, 2, 15, 30, and 60 cm Hg) and at several temperatures (25, 35, 45 and 55°C). The films were thin enough (ca. 20 μ) so that the reaction was independent of the diffusion of gas into the polymer. The experimental results can be represented by a chain mechanism. The whole degradation process is controlled by the diffusion of polymer radicals out of cages. This diffusion in turn, is affected by the decrease in viscosity or decrease in weight‐average molecular weight as degradation proceeds. This leads to an acceleration of the degradation process. A straight‐line relationship between the logarithm of the reciprocal weight‐average molecular weight and the logarithm of a reaction–time function was found. The dependence on the rate was substantiated by degrading polymer fractions. The energy of activation for the process is small, in agreement with a diffusion process for chain scission. Nitro and nitrite groups are incorporated along the backbone of polystyrene during exposure. The number of these polar side groups appears to pass through a maximum with time, as is evidenced by aggregation of polymer molecules in benzene solution only during the middle stage of the degradation. The final stage of the process is slowed down by retarder being produced. This retarder can be removed by reprecipitation of exposed polymer films. Degradation in solution is similar to that of films. Isotactic polystyrene shows less irregularities in its degradation curve than the atactic polymer. This is, presumably, due to its more homogeneous morphology, large molecular weight, and broader molecular size distribution. The plot of the degree of degradation versus time for the isotactic polymer can be satisfactorily approximated by a straight line.