Abstract
ABSTRACT The production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) may be compromised by a variety of pests and diseases, with root-knot nematodes standing out among the soil-borne pathogens that cause significant losses. It was assessed the reaction of common bean genotypes to the reproduction of these nematodes, with emphasis on the two species most frequently found parasitizing the crop: Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogne incognita. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design, with 26 treatments (genotypes), ten replications and plot consisting of a pot containing one plant. Each plot was inoculated with 1,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles and assessed at 62 days after the inoculation, when the final populations were estimated. The genotypic resistance was determined based on two criteria: reproduction factor and index. All the genotypes were susceptible to M. incognita according to both assessment criteria. The IAC Alvorada, IAC Imperador, BRS Esplendor and BRS Esteio cultivars, although may be classified as resistant to M. javanica by the reproduction factor, are classified only as moderately resistant if the assessment criterion is the reproduction index.
Highlights
Bean is a vital food source for the Brazilian population, especially in low-income groups, where it is the primary source of protein, in addition to being rich in iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, vitamins, carbohydrates and fiber (Mesquita et al 2007)
The cultivar reactions to M. incognita and M. javanica for total number of eggs and juveniles, reproduction factor and reproduction index are presented in Tables 1 and 2
The reproduction of both root-knot nematode species was high in the two inoculum viability controls [Santa Cruz Kada and Santa Cruz 47], indicating adequate environmental, experimental and inoculum conditions
Summary
Bean is a vital food source for the Brazilian population, especially in low-income groups, where it is the primary source of protein, in addition to being rich in iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, vitamins, carbohydrates and fiber (Mesquita et al 2007). The national production in the 2016/2017 growing season was 3.4 million metric tons, over an area of 3.2 million hectares, with an average yield of 1,070 kg ha-1, and the estimated production for the 2017/2018 season is approximately 3.37 million metric tons (Conab 2017). The biotic stress caused by pests and diseases negatively affects bean crops, with the latter including root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) (Bozbuga et al 2015). According to Baida et al (2011), this genus of nematode causes a significant damage and may lead to production losses of up to 90 %. The Meloidogyne genus consists of 98 plantparasitic species capable of infecting almost all.
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