REACTION OF BANANA CULTIVARS TO THE Meloidogyne javanica X Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense COMPLEX

Leandro De Souza Rocha,Ana Cristina Fermino Soares,Fernando Haddad,Robert Felix De Santana

doi:10.1590/1983-21252018v31n305rc

Leandro De Souza Rocha, Ana Cristina Fermino Soares + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n305rc

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Abstract

ABSTRACT The interaction Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) x nematode and the genetic variability of Foc are the main problems with potential to affect the use of resistant varieties in the management of the Panama disease. The objective of this work was to evaluate the interaction between Foc and Meloidogyne javanica on the banana of the Prata Anã, Grande Naine and BRS Princesa cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with six treatments and ten replications, which differed in the inoculation time of each pathogen. Simultaneous inoculation with Foc and M. javanica, inoculation with Foc one week before inoculation with M. javanica, and inoculation with M. javanica one week before inoculation with Foc. In addition to the controls, Foc isolated, M. javanica isolated, and cultivars without the pathogens. The seedlings were transplanted in 3-liter pots with sterile soil infested with 40 grams of Foc inoculum at the concentration of 1x106CFU/gram and 1000 eggs and J2 of M. javanica. At the end of 56 days, the treatments with 'Grande Naine' presented the highest reproduction factors of M. javanica. In the 'Prata Anã' no interaction was observed between Foc x M. javanica. The treatments with simultaneous inoculation of the two pathogens, and with Foc a week before, in the 'BRS Princesa', presented the highest external disease indices (DI), which promoted the highest AUDPC. The highest internal DI were observed in the treatments Foc+Mj+Grande Naine, Foc+Mj+BRS Princesa, Mj+Grande Naine+Foc and Foc+BRS Princesa+Mj. The simultaneous presence of M. javanica and Foc increases the severity of the Panama disease in Grande Naine and BRS Princesa cultivars.

Highlights

Brazilian banana farming stands out among the five largest in the world with an approximate production of 6.8 million tonnes in 464.5 thousand planted hectares (IBGE, 2016)
The objective of this work was to evaluate the interaction between Foc and M. javanica on the main banana cultivars planted in Brazil, 'Prata Anã' and 'Grande Naine', and a new banana cultivar type Silk, 'BRS Princesa'
The identification of the nematode species was carried out by examining the perineal region of females (EISENBACK, 1985; HIRSCHMANN, 1985), and by the phenotype of the isozyme esterase (CARNEIRO; ALMEIDA, 2001; KUNIEDA DE ALONSO et al, 1995; ALFENAS; PETERS; PASSADOR, 1991; ESBENSHADE; TRIANTAPHYLLOU 1990; 1985). It was used micropropagated banana seedlings of the Prata Anã cultivar (AAB Group), which is susceptible to Panama disease and moderately resistant to M. javanica, Grande Naine cultivar (AAA Group), which is resistant to Panama disease and susceptible to M. javanica, and BRS Princesa cultivar (AAAB Group), which is quantitatively resistant to Panama disease and moderately resistant to M. javanica (CORDEIRO; MATOS; HADDAD, 2016; COSTA et al, 2016; COSTA et al, 2015; COFCEWICZ et al, 2004)

Summary

Introduction

Brazilian banana farming stands out among the five largest in the world with an approximate production of 6.8 million tonnes in 464.5 thousand planted hectares (IBGE, 2016). Crops of the 'Grande Naine', 'Nanica', and 'Nanicão' cultivars that belonging to the Cavendish subgroup, the main export fruit, with approximately 40% of the world production (PLOETZ, 2015), stand out in crops of the Southeast and South regions of Brazil. Cultivated throughout the Brazilian territory, with emphasis on the Northeast and Southeast regions, where 32.7% of the total volume is produced (IBGE, 2016), the banana crop is affected by constant phytosanitary problems with a wide geographical distribution, with emphasis on fungi and nematodes. In the main regions with irrigated banana crops in Brazil, the greatest losses in production are related to Panama disease, which are aggravated by the presence of nematodes, mainly from the Meloidogyne genus, present in the main banana producing regions. Cofcewicz et al (2004) found Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita in 61.7 and 32.2%, respectively, in soil samples from banana crops of the states of Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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