Abstract
The kinetics of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reaction in literature are mostly reported for single model compounds in bio-oil. However, these kinetic models may become invalid in the real bio-oil environment where other model compounds are present. This study investigates the effect of acetic acid, which is a major compound in bio-oil, on the liquid-phase HDO reaction kinetics of vanillin (VL). A synthesized bimetallic catalyst (PdRh/Al2O3) was utilized in a batch reactor at 308–328 K, 1–4 MPa H2 gas partial pressure (PH), 263–526 mM initial VL concentration (CVL0), and 1.9–4.6 kg/m3 catalyst loading with ethyl acetate as the reaction solvent. N2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), CO chemisorption, and mercury porosimetry methods were used to determine the physicochemical properties of the catalyst. Transport limitations in the system were ruled out via the Madon–Boudart test, Weisz–Prater criterion, agitation, and particle size test. ...
Highlights
The world energy consumption is expected to grow by 20− 30% from 2019 to 2040 as a result of the increase in population and rapid development in countries like China and India.[1]
Fast pyrolysis (FP) is the preferred technology for producing bio-oil because it requires lower costs compared to competing technology like liquefaction.[9,13−15] FP involves rapid heating of biomass to a temperature around 923 K in the absence of air.[16−19] Bio-oils produced via FP usually contain a significant amount of highly unstable oxygenated compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, guaiacols, cresols, syringols, and anisoles.[20−23] The fast processing conditions used in the production of bio-oil via FP are primarily responsible for the thermodynamic instability of these oxygenated compounds, which adversely affects the fuel quality
The specific objective of this work is to examine any differences between the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reaction kinetics of vanillin, a typical model compound of bio-oil in pure and acidic environments
Summary
The world energy consumption is expected to grow by 20− 30% from 2019 to 2040 as a result of the increase in population and rapid development in countries like China and India.[1]. Fast pyrolysis (FP) is the preferred technology for producing bio-oil because it requires lower costs compared to competing technology like liquefaction.[9,13−15] FP involves rapid heating of biomass to a temperature around 923 K in the absence of air.[16−19] Bio-oils produced via FP usually contain a significant amount of highly unstable oxygenated compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, guaiacols, cresols, syringols, and anisoles.[20−23] The fast processing conditions used in the production of bio-oil via FP are primarily responsible for the thermodynamic instability of these oxygenated compounds, which adversely affects the fuel quality. Cofeeding with H2S is required to maintain activity of these catalysts.[47,48] As a result, research attention drifted toward the Received: September 3, 2019 Revised: October 26, 2019 Published: November 1, 2019
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