Reaction Between Mid‐Ocean Ridge Basalt and Lower Oceanic Crust: An Experimental Study

Alexandra Yang Yang,Yan Liang,Chunguang Wang,C Johan Lissenberg

doi:10.1029/2019gc008368

Alexandra Yang Yang, Yan Liang + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gc008368

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Abstract

AbstractReaction between mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB) and crystal mush in the lower oceanic crust has been invoked to explain chemical variations of both MORB and minerals in the lower oceanic crust. Nonetheless, such reactions have been little studied experimentally. We conducted experiments to investigate the mechanisms and chemical consequences of melt‐mush interaction by reacting molten MORB with troctolite at 0.5 GPa. Isothermal experiments demonstrate that melt infiltrates into troctolite with dissolution of plagioclase and olivine. The reacted melts have higher MgO and Al2O3 and lower TiO2 and Na2O contents and crystallize more primitive olivine and plagioclase compared to those crystallized from the unreacted melts, suggesting melt‐mush reaction could result in the formation of high‐Al basalt. The melt compositional variations induced by reaction also significantly affect the calculated pressures for MORB fractionation, indicating that major element‐based barometers for MORB fractionation can only be used reliably if reaction can be ruled out. After reaction, the troctolite contains olivine with plagioclase inclusions and poikilitic clinopyroxene with partially resorbed olivine and plagioclase chadacrysts, indicating that melt‐mush interaction occurs through dissolution‐reprecipitation mechanisms. Clinopyroxene has high Mg# (>83) and elevated Na2O and TiO2 contents, and olivine has different Fo versus Ni correlations from fractional crystallization models, which provide testable parameters for the effect of melt‐mush reaction in the rock record. By comparison with samples from lower oceanic crust and layered intrusions, we propose that melt‐mush reaction plays an important role during magma transport in the crystal mush in both oceanic and continental magma systems.

Highlights

Mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) has long been recognized as a probe to the composition of the upper mantle
Crustal level modifications to MORB compositions are largely attributed to fractional crystallization, which can be corrected through parameterizations of experimental data or thermodynamic calculations (e.g., Grove et al, 1992; Langmuir et al, 1992)
Na2O contents, and crystallize more primitive olivine and plagioclase compared to those crystallized from the starting melts

Summary

Introduction

Mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) has long been recognized as a probe to the composition of the upper mantle. Crustal level modifications to MORB compositions are largely attributed to fractional crystallization, which can be corrected through parameterizations of experimental data or thermodynamic calculations (e.g., Grove et al, 1992; Langmuir et al, 1992). Studies on both MORB and plutonic rocks from the lower oceanic crust have provided evidence suggesting that the crustal evolution of MORB is complex, involving more than fractional crystallization alone (e.g., Lissenberg & MacLeod, 2016 and reference therein). Melt-mush reaction is a natural consequence of the emplacement of primitive melt into the lower oceanic crust, and the percolation of (evolved) interstitial melt through the crystal mush

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