Reaching out and institutionalizing multiple kinship relationships in the social environment: Ampangnaopat among Simalungunese, Indonesia

Abstract

ABSTRACT In this study, I will show that the determinant of the stability and continuity of kinship in the social environment is the contribution made by the four basic frameworks (ampangnaopat), an element of marriage ritual among the Simalungunese, Indonesia. The four basic frameworks of kinship are the basis of functional and mutual bonds, which was established in response to the challenges of social dynamics. The study was motivated by the absoluteness of the four basic frameworks in the marriage ritual, a cornerstone of the triangular and pentagon kinship pattern. The study was conducted qualitatively, using a pragmatic approach, by referring to the Radcliffe-Brown structural-functionalism paradigm. The data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and visual documentation. Field data is recorded in verbatim transcripts, and bias is reduced through comparisons between subjects. The study found four basic frameworks, the primary elements of kinship, a legitimacy mechanism focusing on the mother-to-be, with mutual support at its core, as well as determinants of the stability and continuity of social relationship. The four basic frameworks, the conclusions of the study, are reaching out and institutionalization of multiple functions, based on triangular as well as pentagonal patterns of mutual relations to support all aspects of life. Responding to social dynamics, locality, and continuity of kinship is forced through presence and participation at every moment of rituals and ceremonies. The institutionalization of functions is highly dependent on ties that bind more mutual and functional kinship units.