Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the probability of long-term overall survival based on total number of risk factors (RF). We also sought to examine the role of midlife clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial predictors of longevity in a large cohort of Israeli men. This study was based on the Israeli Ischemic Heart Disease (IIHD) cohort that included over 10,000 men who were followed up for mortality over more than four decades. During the 43 years of follow-up, 4634 (46.1%) men survived to 80 years of age or older. We considered cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, high systolic blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, low socioeconomic status, and serious family problems as RF at ages 40–65. Cox proportional hazards regression models, with age as the time scale, were constructed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for failure to survive 80 years of age. Compared with men free of all the above RF, those with one identified RF (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.42–1.75) and counterparts with two identified RF (HR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.96–2.43) were at a significantly greater risk of death before 80. Additional RF further increased the risk of early mortality (HR = 3.62, 95% CI: 1.50–8.73 for men with 5 RF). The results suggest a role of physiological, behavioral, and psychological risk factors at midlife in predicting longevity.
Highlights
Accepted: 30 November 2021The study of longevity has become one of the fastest growing and compelling fields in public health and health promotion
While a lot of attention has been devoted to the study of physiological health and its impact on longevity, there exists a variety of psychosocial factors which have been associated with longer lives: positive emotions and emotional well-being [1,2], healthy familial and intimate relationships [3,4,5], and socioeconomic status (SES) [6]
We evaluated the effect of clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial factors at pations
Summary
Accepted: 30 November 2021The study of longevity has become one of the fastest growing and compelling fields in public health and health promotion. Questioning what leads to longer lives and better quality of life in the elderly is central to contemporary medicine. While a lot of attention has been devoted to the study of physiological health and its impact on longevity, there exists a variety of psychosocial factors which have been associated with longer lives: positive emotions and emotional well-being [1,2], healthy familial and intimate relationships [3,4,5], and socioeconomic status (SES) [6]. 15% of men and 20% of women born in the year 2000 being projected to reach the age of. While significantly more people reach advanced age, the maximum recorded lifespan remains stagnant, with very few people living beyond 100 [6]. Global life expectancy at birth is currently 72.6 years [7], 78.7 in the United States [8], and 82.8 years in Israel [9]
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