Abstract

This letter introduces reachable power flow ( ReachFlow ), a formal method providing a provably over-approximated enclosure of the complete set of the power flow solutions that “can be reached” under various uncertainties. The novelty of ReachFlow lies in: (1) an ordinary differential equation (ODE) formulation which maps the iterative power flow solving process into a virtual dynamic; (2) a reachability analysis of the virtual ODE model which enclose all possible (infinite) power flow solutions under uncertainties in one calculation. Case studies verify the efficacy of ReachFlow as a formal method and, in particular, its capability of handling islanded droop-based microgrids under uncertainties.

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