Abstract
As much as accurate or precise position estimation is always desirable, coarse accuracy due to sensor node localization is often sufficient. For such level of accuracy, Range-free localization techniques are being explored as low cost alternatives to range based localization techniques. To manage cost, few location aware nodes, called anchors are deployed in the wireless sensor environment. It is from these anchors that all other free nodes are expected to estimate their own positions. This paper therefore, takes a look at some of the foremost Range-free localization algorithms, detailing their limitations, with a view to proposing a modified form of Centroid Localization Algorithm called Reach Centroid Localization Algorithm. The algorithm employs a form of anchor nodes position validation mechanism by looking at the consistency in the quality of Received Signal Strength. Each anchor within the vicinity of a free node seeks to validate the actual position or proximity of other anchors within its vicinity using received signal strength. This process mitigates multipath effects of radio waves, particularly in an enclosed environment, and consequently limits localization estimation errors and uncertainties. Centroid Localization Algorithm is then used to estimate the location of a node using the anchors selected through the validation mechanism. Our approach to localization becomes more significant, particularly in indoor environments, where radio signal signatures are inconsistent or outrightly unreliable. Simulated results show a significant improvement in localization accuracy when compared with the original Centroid Localization Algorithm, Approximate Point in Triangulation and DV-Hop.
Highlights
IntroductionLocalization is determining the position of a device or a node, relative or abso-. A
The various plots indicate that the fundamental principle of ReachCLA is similar to that of Centroid Localization Algorithm (CLA) and Approximate Point In triangulation (APIT) as they all embrace the formation of triangles within areas of discernible radio signal, and use the triangles to estimate the location of the intended object
This paper is an attempt at contributing to the existing process of using wireless sensor networks (WSN) devices in the localization of objects in an enclosed environment
Summary
Localization is determining the position of a device or a node, relative or abso-. A. Many Range-based localization algorithms propose solutions that are founded on impractical assumptions such as; assuming a uniform distribution of radio signals, symmetric radio connectivity between nodes, availability of additional hardware, lack of obstructions, the perpetual availability of line-of-sight, no multipath effects, and flat terrain. Rang-free algorithms circumvent these assumptions as these classes of algorithms do not estimate the absolute point-to-point distance between anchors and sensors. Two major challenges that will be encountered when applying Range-based algorithms for indoor localization are multipath effects of radio signals and limitations due to line-of-sight. Range-free algorithms do not render themselves to these limitations as they do not depend on radio signal characteristics correlation with distance for localization. Range-based algorithms will be excluded from our discussion To this end, we seek to propose a new Range-free algorithm for the localization of objects in enclosed environments.
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