Abstract

The sense of social solidarity formed at Union level is manifested, broadly speaking, in the very interchangeability of national solidaristic communities in the Union that allows Union citizens to be affiliated with the one of their residence. Initially widely defined in light of Union citizenship, the prospect of such interchangeability has been narrowed down in a trilogy of the Court's recent rulings. With the primacy afforded to the black-letter provisions of Union secondary law without the need for further proportionality assessment, the interchangeability of national solidaristic communities seems to be confined to the extent of an economic contribution in a host Member State. The actual parameters of this factor as a criterion setting the threshold of membership in a national solidaristic community are, in turn, being defined by Member States themselves, often resorting to the narrow and exclusionary interpretation of Union citizens' rights. The welfare reforms introduced in the UK in the period leading up to the EU referendum vote, for instance, have re-shaped the extent of Union workers' and job-seekers' rights by re-balancing them around the factor of economic contribution and specifically targeting those who are not deemed to actually contribute in the UK. As a result, fixing the threshold of membership in a national solidaristic community in this manner, both at Union and national levels, has created much uncertainty about the fate of Union citizenship and Union citizens' rights derived from the Treaty.

Highlights

  • This article aims to explore the sense of social solidarity at Union level and its transformation in the post-crisis austerity-driven economic environment and, more importantly, as a result of the developments brought by the EU referendum vote in the UK

  • Pursuant to the Court’s restrictive interpretation in a trilogy of recent rulings concerning Union citizens who were not engaged in employment,2 the interchangeability of national solidaristic communities has been confined by the extent of an economic contribution in a host Member State

  • While the shift at Union level places an emphasis on the extent of economic contribution, the actual parameters of this criterion are being defined by Member States themselves, often resorting to the narrow and exclusionary interpretation of Union workers’ and job-seekers’ rights

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

This article aims to explore the sense of social solidarity at Union level and its transformation in the post-crisis austerity-driven economic environment and, more importantly, as a result of the developments brought by the EU referendum vote in the UK. Pursuant to the Court’s restrictive interpretation in a trilogy of recent rulings concerning Union citizens who were not engaged in employment, the interchangeability of national solidaristic communities has been confined by the extent of an economic contribution in a host Member State. While the shift at Union level places an emphasis on the extent of economic contribution, the actual parameters of this criterion are being defined by Member States themselves, often resorting to the narrow and exclusionary interpretation of Union workers’ and job-seekers’ rights. This is evident, for instance, in the breadth of the welfare reforms introduced in the UK in the period leading up to the EU referendum vote.

NATIONAL AND UNION MODELS OF SOCIAL SOLIDARITY AT THE CROSS-ROADS
TRANSFORMATION AT UNION LEVEL
TRANSFORMATION AT NATIONAL LEVEL
CONCLUSIONS

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