Re-routing of Sugar Catabolism Provides a Better Insight Into Fungal Flexibility in Using Plant Biomass-Derived Monomers as Substrates.

Tania Chroumpi,Hugh D Mitchell,Chaevien S Clendinen,Mao Peng,Chelsea M Hutchinson,Ronald P De Vries,Nikola Tolic,Galya Orr,Carrie D Nicora,Lye Meng Markillie,Vanessa Paurus,Miia R Mäkelä,Scott E Baker

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.644216

Abstract

The filamentous ascomycete Aspergillus niger has received increasing interest as a cell factory, being able to efficiently degrade plant cell wall polysaccharides as well as having an extensive metabolism to convert the released monosaccharides into value added compounds. The pentoses D-xylose and L-arabinose are the most abundant monosaccharides in plant biomass after the hexose D-glucose, being major constituents of xylan, pectin and xyloglucan. In this study, the influence of selected pentose catabolic pathway (PCP) deletion strains on growth on plant biomass and re-routing of sugar catabolism was addressed to gain a better understanding of the flexibility of this fungus in using plant biomass-derived monomers. The transcriptome, metabolome and proteome response of three PCP mutant strains, ΔlarAΔxyrAΔxyrB, ΔladAΔxdhAΔsdhA and ΔxkiA, grown on wheat bran (WB) and sugar beet pulp (SBP), was evaluated. Our results showed that despite the absolute impact of these PCP mutations on pure pentose sugars, they are not as critical for growth of A. niger on more complex biomass substrates, such as WB and SBP. However, significant phenotypic variation was observed between the two biomass substrates, but also between the different PCP mutants. This shows that the high sugar heterogeneity of these substrates in combination with the high complexity and adaptability of the fungal sugar metabolism allow for activation of alternative strategies to support growth.

Highlights

The majority of industrial processes for the production of chemicals, materials, and energy are still based on fossil fuels, especially coal and crude oil
All three larA xyrA xyrB, ladA xdhA sdhA and xkiA mutants were unable to grow on the pentose mixture, while these deletions resulted in reduced growth on wheat bran (WB) and sugar beet pulp (SBP), compared to the reference strain (Figure 1B)
The larA xyrA xyrB mutant, which blocks the first step of pentose conversion, was practically unable to grow on WB, but showed only a small growth reduction on SBP

Summary

Introduction

The majority of industrial processes for the production of chemicals, materials, and energy are still based on fossil fuels, especially coal and crude oil. It is known for its ability to naturally degrade complex plant biomass polysaccharides, including both cell wall (cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin) and storage (inulin and starch) components, into simple sugars using a rich arsenal of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes) (de Vries and Visser, 2001; Lombard et al, 2014; Benoit et al, 2015). The resulting sugars are subsequently transported into the cell and converted into energy and intermediate metabolites through a wide range of metabolic pathways (Khosravi et al, 2015). An in-depth understanding of the A. niger metabolic network will provide a detailed blueprint for the metabolic engineering of this fungus to improve productivity of a broad range of proteins and metabolites

Methods

Results

Conclusion