Re-examination of the morphological variability of East Asian handaxes from a comparative perspective

Abstract

In this article, we report on a re-examination of the morphological variability of East Asian handaxes through study of handaxes from sites generally considered to be Middle Pleistocene in age and by carrying out detailed small-scale comparisons. In particular, we add data for a new handaxe assemblage found in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Region, central China. We begin with an analysis of the range of handaxe morphological variability in different regions (Africa, West Europe and East Asia) and conclude that the variability in the East Asian sites is not significantly different from that found in the western Acheulean. Moreover, the variability present in East Asian handaxes reflects the flexible adaptation strategies of Acheulean hominids. In explaining the morphological variability of East Asian handaxes, we adopt a stepwise approach for a comprehensive analysis, from the most fundamental level factors, such as raw material and reduction intensity, to higher-level factors like cultural tradition and cognitive ability. The results indicate that East Asian handaxe variability was influenced by multiple factors, to be discussed in this article. Also through comparative morphological analysis, we argue that there are specific regional influences that have explanatory value. The analysis of such regional factors is necessary for a better understanding of this subject.