Abstract
The order Sordariales includes the polyphyletic family Lasiosphaeriaceae, which comprises approximately 30 genera characterized by its paraphysate ascomata, asci with apical apparati, and mostly two-celled ascospores, which have a dark apical cell and a hyaline lower cell, frequently ornamented with mucilaginous appendages. To produce a more natural classification of this family, we carried out a phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the nuclear rDNA large subunit (LSU), and fragments of ribosomal polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2) and β-tubulin (tub2) genes of several isolates from soil and of reference strains of the Sordariales. As a result, Lasiosphaeriaceae s. str. has been circumscribed for the clade including the type species of the genus Lasiosphaeria and, consequently, its description emended. In addition, the new families Diplogelasinosporaceae, Naviculisporaceae, and Schizotheciaceae are introduced to accommodate those taxa located far from the Lasiosphaeriaceae s. str. Moreover, we propose the erection of the new genera Areotheca, Lundqvistomyces, Naviculispora, Pseudoechria, Pseudoschizothecium, and Rhypophila based on morphological and sequence data. New combinations for several species of the genera Cladorrhinum, Jugulospora, Podospora, Schizothecium, and Triangularia are proposed, their descriptions are emended, and dichotomous keys are provided to discriminate among their species.
Highlights
The order Sordariales [1] is one of the most diverse taxonomic groups within the class Sordariomycetes, and includes taxa characterized by the production of ascomata with membranaceous or coriaceous ascomatal walls and one- or two-celled ascospores often ornamented with appendages or sheaths [2]
To produce a more natural classification of this family, we carried out a phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the nuclear rDNA large subunit (LSU), and fragments of ribosomal polymerase II subunit 2 and β-tubulin genes of several isolates from soil and of reference strains of the Sordariales
The lengths of the individual alignments used in the combined dataset were 685 bp (ITS), 897 bp (LSU), 984 bp, and 618 bp, and the final total alignment was 3184 bp
Summary
The order Sordariales [1] is one of the most diverse taxonomic groups within the class Sordariomycetes, and includes taxa characterized by the production of ascomata with membranaceous or coriaceous ascomatal walls and one- or two-celled ascospores often ornamented with appendages or sheaths [2]. The order has historically contained 7 to 14 families [1,3], until Huhndorf et al [2] restricted it to three families, i.e., Chaetomiaceae, Lasiosphaeriaceae, and Sordariaceae based on a phylogenetic study. Sordariaceae was considered a monophyletic family, but Cai et al [4] demonstrated that the genus Diplogelasinospora, which is still included in the Sordariaceae, was not in the family, being more closely related to Lasiosphaeriaceae. Several studies have been performed on the Chaetomiaceae to properly delimitate the family and their largest genera, i.e., Chaetomium and Thielavia [5,6,7]. The family currently includes more than 35 genera, of which 17 have been recently introduced to accommodate species previously in Chaetomium and Thielavia, which did not cluster with the type species of these genera
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