Re-evaluating Affixes and Clitics in Munda Multi-verb Constructions

Abstract

Languages from the same genetic lineage often exhibit differences in certain parameters, but significant variation in their morphological typology is uncommon. Austroasiatic languages present a notable paradox, where Munda languages are categorized as polysynthetic, while Mon-Khmer languages are considered isolating. This contrast within the same linguistic family, with both sub-branches occupying opposite ends of the synthesis continuum, is particularly intriguing. This paper aims to explore whether the morphological disparity between Munda and Mon-Khmer languages can be reconciled by examining specific bound elements in Munda languages that contribute to their synthetic characteristics. The study conducts a detailed analysis of numerous bound elements in Munda languages, comparing these to similar structures in Mon-Khmer languages. The focus is on understanding whether these bound markers are better classified as clitics rather than affixes, especially in the context of multi-verb constructions. The analysis suggests that many bound elements in Munda languages are more likely to be clitics rather than affixes. The study specifically investigates phrase-level affixation involving multi-verbs, concluding that when these markers attach at the phrase level, they should be considered clitics. This study sheds light on the synthetic nature of Munda languages within the Austroasiatic family, arguing for a reclassification of certain bound markers as clitics rather than affixes, particularly in multi-verb constructions. This reclassification could help reconcile the typological differences observed between Munda and Mon-Khmer languages.