Abstract
Objectives: To study: (1) the prevalence of diurnal urinary incontinence (DI) and nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) who under- went surgery for their upper airway symptoms, (2) the postoperative rate of enuresis resolu- tion, and (3) factors that may predict lack of improvement post surgery. Patients and Methods: An observational, pilot study of children 5e18 years of age with OSAS and NE who underwent tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy (TA NE, nocturnal enuresis; OSAS, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; TA HIC, Human Investigation Committee; ENT, earenoseethroat; BMI, body mass index; ICCS, International Children's Continence Society; ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; STROBE, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology; Non-MNE, non-monosymptomatic NE; MNE, monosymptomatic NE; PNE, primary nocturnal enuresis; ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide. * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ1 313 745 5588; fax: þ1 313 993 8738.
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