Abstract
Spallation reactions of thorium by 150 MeV and 82 MeV protons were studied by radiochemical isolation of Pa, Th, Ac and Ra isotopes and measurements of absolute cross sections. Calculations were carried on for comparison, by assuming a model of nuclear reactions by direct interaction and neutron evaporation (Serber-Jackson). Fission-evaporation competition at each step of evaporation was assumed. The agreement is very satisfactory for (p, pxn) reactions. However, experimental values are nearly twice the calculated ones for radium and actinium. Several reasons are discussed in order to explain this discrepancy. Direct interaction occurs also for alpha fragments, deuterons and tritons. Cross sections for alpha particle and triton production were measured at various energies. The formation of tritium is explained in terms of indirect pick up.
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