Abstract
We have investigated the oxidation of stainless steel alloy 440C at various temperatures using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) and Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA). The chemical state of the various oxides formed at each temperature was measured by ESCA. The relative surface concentrations of Cr and Fe were measured using all four techniques. EDX data provided us with a standard for bulk concentrations of Cr and Fe. The results of RBS and AES were used to develop an empirical relationship between the CrFe ratio and the heat treatment temperature. This empirical relationship can be used to determine the temperature at which a given component made of stainless steel alloy 440C, has been operating by measuring the CrFe ratio at the surface.
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