Razlike prostog i izbornog vremena reakcije kod mladih karatista oba pola različitog nivoa obučenosti

Vesna Vuković,Stefan Marković,Milivoj Dopsaj,Miroslav Milovanović,Nenad Koropanovski

doi:10.5937/fizkul1902238v

Abstract

Compared to adults, children have longer simple reaction time (SRT) and choice reaction time (CRT) to simple and choice visual stimuli. Based on the available data, it can be concluded that this occurrence could be due to correlation between age and the information processing speed. Other factors may have an impact, too, such as the shorter attention span which children may have. Some studies indicate that karate favors the development of cognitive functions, including the RT. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine whether there is a difference in simple and choice reaction time between boys and girls of preadolescent and early adolescent age on the basic and premastery level of karate training. Testing involved 78 participants divided into four subgroups, in accordance with the gender and the level of training, using a custom designed RT measuring software, developed in LabVIEW 2012 software package. A two-way analysis of variance (Two-way ANOVA) confirmed no differences between boys' and girls' SRT scores, while the significant differences were found at the mastery criterion subsample level. When it comes to CRT, the differences were found at the boys' subsample level, as well as between genders on the basic level of training. It cannot be stated with absolute certainty whether the acquired differences are the result of karate training, some other physiological and cognitive phenomena or the maturation process. Consequently, the further research should involve a broader sample - the population of the physically inactive, as well as the children involved in other sports.

Highlights

In many sports, maximum speed is not considered as a priority, while a maximum reaction speed usually is considered as an important factor for success (Vences de Brito & Silva, 2011)
The descriptive indicators for the reaction time achieved on the simple reaction time (SRT) and choice reaction time (CRT) tests, as well as their relative difference are shown in the Table 1
No statistically significant gender-related differences were found for ∆ RT. When it comes to boys, the findings suggest that the relative difference decreases due to the decrease in CRT, which becomes significantly shorter in the premastery level of training

Summary

Introduction

Maximum speed is not considered as a priority, while a maximum reaction speed usually is considered as an important factor for success (Vences de Brito & Silva, 2011). It is believed that the training tasks designed to minimize the reaction time to the opponent’s activity could help development of perception skills and non-specific basic sensory functions of karate athletes (Mori et al, 2002; Vences de Brito & Silva, 2011). Specific characteristics of the sport have an imapct on the development of sensory-cognitive skills (Nuri, Shadmehr, Ghotbi, & Moghadam 2012), whereas non-athletes, in comparison to athletes, achieve longer RT (Tanaka, Hasegawa, Kataoka, & Katz, 2010; Youngen, 1959), regarding both visual and auditory stimulus (Atan & Akyol, 2014). There is a noticeable inhomogeneity in findings among the studies published so far, as well as a diversity of the methodological approaches (Mori et al, 2002; Chaabene et al 2012; Mudric, Cuk, Nedeljkovic, Jovanovic, & Jaric 2015)

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Discussion

Conclusion