Abstract
This brief review presents Razi's concepts of bone and joint disorders. Razi differentiated between ligaments, tendons, and nerves and recognized the role of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system in the perception of senses and voluntary movements. He described paralysis and loss of sensation following brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system injuries. Razi presented an early concept of compartment syndrome. Razi's approach to fracture management is very similar to the current concept of functional bracing for some fractures. Razi mentioned suturing the wounds and ligation of bleeding large vessels. He cautioned about phlebotomy in the antecubital fossa as it may become complicated by the adjacent arterial and nerve injuries. Razi treated osteomyelitis by removing the infected and necrotic bone by sawing, cutting, and rasping. He also documented arthralgia, painful hip, and sciatic pain and made a sharp distinction between arthralgia and gout. He indicated the gout origin as the production of a waste substance that the body fails to expel. Razi's basic concepts on the bone and joint disorders established a foundation for modern orthopedic science.
Highlights
Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi (865–935) (Rhazes in Latin) was born in Rayy, near the present-time Tehran, Iran (Figure 1)
Razi made a sharp distinction between arthralgia and gout and prepared an independent treatise on gout in “Maqale fi al-Neqras” (Figure 5).[9,10]
Razi’s basic concepts and ideas on bone and joint disorders, treatment of fractures and dislocations, arthralgia, and gout are in line with modern medicine
Summary
Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi (865–935) (Rhazes in Latin) was born in Rayy, near the present-time Tehran, Iran (Figure 1). Razi’s Concepts on Orthopedics “Al-Hawi fi-Tebb” (Al-Hawi) is the most important and voluminous compilation of Razi written in Arabic in the 10th century. Al-Hawi includes Razi’s personal and clinical experience in Baghdad and Ray. This book constituted a complete course of medical science until the time of Razi, in which he wrote critiques and commented on the preceding physicians’ views along with an updated description of the diseases.[6,7] The book “Tebb-e Al Mansouri” (Liber Almansoris in Latin) is a brief review of Razi’s knowledge of medicine.
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