Abstract
Raynaud's phenomenon of the nipple is a possible cause of pain and breastfeeding cessation in lactating women. However, there are still few studies on the characterization of this manifestation. Thus, we aim to develop a systematic review of the literature carried out between January 1992 and January 2024 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. Of the 438 articles, 19 met the eligibility criteria. The findings were divided by heuristic questions into two groups: "Epidemiological, pathophysiological, and clinical characterization of Raynaud's Phenomenon of the nipple" and "Treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon of the nipple". Raynaud's phenomenon of the nipple is commonly primary, being more prevalent in the postpartum period, in women with a mean age of 32 years. The main triggers appear to be stress and temperature change. Generally, it is associated with a change in color and pain during breastfeeding. A calcium channel blocker was the most used medication with or without non-pharmacological measures.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: International journal of environmental research and public health
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
