Ravivarman Kulasekhara the Yadava and Sagara the Son of Yadavi

Abstract

This paper deals with the historical figure of Ravivarman Kulasekhara (c. 1266–1317 ce), a king of southern Kerala and for a while emperor of South India, who claims in his inscriptions to be a yadupati like his father, and at the same time appears to be genetically a Yadava by his mother, according to the matrilineal system of inheritance through the sister’s son (marumakkattayam) that was prevalent in pre-modern Kerala among non-brahmins. Moreover, in taking over the Cera imperial heritage in accordance with the solar aspects of his kuladevata (Visnu Padmanabha), Ravivarman pretends to assume a solar dimension compatible with his lunar-family origin by claiming to be namantara-karna Karna being son of the solar god through the Yadavi Kunti). The Jaiminiyasamhita of the Brahmanda Purana, an epic probably composed in Kerala under the reign of the same Kulasekhara (there is an obvious reference to this text in one of his inscriptions), tells a unique story about the brahmin (first) wife of King Sagara, and also emphasizes the role of Sagara’s mother who is a Yadavi queen, as if the famous solar king Sagara served as a model for Ravivarman. The paper compares and discusses the genealogical narratives of the epigraphic testimonies and the Puranic accounts, and analyses their symbolic value in order to understand the royal ideology expressed according to the Brahmanical tradition within the peculiar socio-cultural context of Kerala.