Abstract
Ceramic composite materials are increasingly used in dental restoration procedures, but current ceramic surface designs do not yet achieve the osseointegration potential of state-of-the-art titanium implants. Rapid bone tissue integration of an implant is greatly dependent on its surface characteristics, but the material properties of ceramic composite materials interfere with classical surface modification techniques. Here, ultra-short pulsed laser machining, which offers a defined energy input mitigating a heat-affected zone, is explored for surface modification of ceramic composites. Inspired by surface textures of clinically relevant titanium implants, dual roughness surfaces are laser patterned. Raman mapping reveals a negligible effect of ultra-short pulsed laser ablation on material properties, but a laser-induced change in the wetting state is revealed by static contact angle measurements. Laser patterning of surfaces also influences blood coagulation, but not the attachment and spreading of osteoblastic cells. The presented laser machining approach thus allows the introduction of a rational surface design on ceramic composites, holding great promise for the manufacturing of ceramic implants.
Highlights
Since the development of dental restoration in the 1960s, the number of inserted implants increased every year
Designed topographies with hierarchical features have been introduced to alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) and tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (TZP) ceramics and following an in depth material charac terisation, the blood- as well as cell-material interaction was studied in vitro
The studied ultra-short pulsed (USP) laser processes using orthogonal incidence con dition unraveled a negligible impact on the materials phases assessed by electron microscopy, Raman mapping and X-ray photon emission spectroscopy (XPS) profiling
Summary
Since the development of dental restoration in the 1960s, the number of inserted implants increased every year. A commonly used routine treatment of titanium and its alloys is sandblasting followed by a wet-chemical etching step to generate a moderately rough surface, which is known to influence cell behaviour and to promote osseointegration [13]. To this end, it has been speculated that engi neered surfaces with hierarchical elements in the micro- and nanometer range possibly enhance the biomaterial activity via controlling cell proliferation and differentiation [14]. The surface state is analyzed and conclusions are drawn on the impact of chemistry and laser-induced surface potential changes on the observed bio-response
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