Rationalistic Theology and some Principles of Explanation

Abstract

Rationalistic theology is a view which holds that, given the existence of the physical world, reason can demonstrate the existence of a selfexistent being, a being that cannot not exist and which carries within itself the explanation of its existence. As a subsidiary thesis, rationalistic theology holds that reason can demonstrate that a self-existent being possesses the fundamental attributes of the theistic God. Such a view flourished in the writings of Samuel Clarke and his followers, and has recently found expression in the work of James Ross. In this paper I endeavor to uncover and critically examine the various principles of explantion on which this view is founded. Although several principles are considered, major attention is given to the Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) and to a principle (Principle E) that Ross proposes as a substitute for PSR. Arguments against both of these principles are set forth and claimed to be successful. The appropriate conclusion for the future outlook of rationalistic theology is then drawn.