Abstract
Studies of sex differences in cognitive functioning have been primarily descriptive. Results have been contradictory and inconclusive. Sex differences must be viewed from a functional point of view where similarities in overt behavior between males and females do not necessarily indicate that such behaviors are functionally equivalent. Theoretical basis for this proposition derives from the differential socialization experiences of males and females. Evidence from studies of cognitive styles and cognitive abilities of boys and girls, men and women, substantiate the basic thesis. Relationship between cognitive style and personality variables differ for boys and girls, even though mean and variability measures do not differ between boys and girls. For adults, similar differences in relationships between cognitive style and cognitive ability variables are found. Implications are discussed.
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