Abstract
Widespread use of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys in clinical orthopedic practice requires improvement of their mechanical properties—in particular, ductility—and enhancement of their bioactivity for accelerated osteoreconstruction. The alloy was studied in two structural states: after homogenization and after equal-channel angular pressing. Immersion and potentiodynamic polarization tests showed that the corrosion rate of the alloy was not increased by deformation. The mass loss in vivo was also statistically insignificant. Furthermore, it was found that deformation did not compromise the biocompatibility of the alloy and did not have any significant effect on cell adhesion and proliferation. However, an extract of the alloy promoted the alkaline phosphatase activity of human mesenchymal stromal cells, which indicates osteogenic stimulation of cells. The osteoinduction of the deformed alloy significantly exceeded that of the homogenized one. Based on the results of this work, it can be concluded that the alloy Mg-1%Zn-0.3%Ca modified by equal-channel angular pressing is a promising candidate for the manufacture of biodegradable orthopedic implants since it stimulates osteogenic differentiation and has greater ductility, which provides it with a competitive advantage in comparison with the homogenized state.
Highlights
Magnesium and its alloys are considered as potential candidates for orthopedic implants that can replace permanent metal implants based on titanium or stainless steel
The refinement of the microstructure caused by ECAP did not lead to a significant change in the parameters of electrochemical corrosion
The corrosion potential changed after ECAP to −1533 ± 5 mV, compared to −1555 ± 7 mV in the initial state, which indicates a slight increase in electrochemical corrosion resistance
Summary
Magnesium and its alloys are considered as potential candidates for orthopedic implants that can replace permanent metal implants based on titanium or stainless steel. Zn [14], Mn [15], Ca [16], and Sr [17], as well as other rare earth elements [18], are most often used in magnesium alloys Do these elements have a positive effect on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, but they have good biocompatibility [19]. Recent studies showed that Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca alloy exhibits a good combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance with a high level of biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo [28,29,30]. The alloy exhibited a good compatibility with mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow All this suggests that a study of alloys of the Mg-Zn-Ca system as potential candidates for medical implants (screws, plates, staples, etc.) is worthwhile. The study of the ways in which the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys intended for medical applications can be modified in a controlled way is an important part of implant development
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