Rationale for physical fitness of prepubescent girls with different types of muscular energy

Abstract

Introduction. The relevance of the research is accounted for by the need to take into account the specific organisation of muscular-activity energy supply in children at different stages of age development in the process of physical education. The purpose of the study is to identify the typological features of muscular activity bioenergetics in 9-10-year old girls and experimentally substantiate the methodology of differentiated physical training at physical education lessons on this basis. Materials and methods. The study encompassed a number of girls aged 9-10 (n=211). A set of functional and ergometric indices was used to assess the muscular energy and fitness for work. In order to identify the typological characteristics of muscular energy, the cluster analysis was applied – iterative method for k-means grouping. Results. Based on the cluster analysis, the following types of muscle energy supply were identified: aerobic; mixed; phosphatic; anaerobic. There are distinctions between separate clusters in indicators of muscular energy and capacity for work (t=2.3-34.7; p<0.05-0.001), physical development (t=2.6-6.1; p<0.05-0.001) and fitness (t=2.3-34.6; p<0.05-0.001). It was revealed that schoolgirls with the prevalence of aerobic metabolism show high level of endurance along with leptosomal physique, while the ones with prevalent anaerobic metabolism – high level of fastness, strength and swiftness/strength-specific qualities, along with eurysomal physique. Special methodology of differentiated physical training at physical education classes was developed with regard for the type of muscular energy. The use of this methodology in the experimental group revealed more expressed increment in absolute and relative values of maximal oxygen consumption in comparison with the control group (t=3.1; p<0.01 and t=3.4; p<0.01) and PWC170 (t=3.8; p<0.01 and t=3.1; p<0,01), V40 (t=4.0; p<0.01), V240 (t=3.5; p<0.01), V900 (t=3.4 ; p<0.01), Lns (t=4.1; p<0.01), coefficients “a” (t=3.0; p<0.01) and “b” (t=3.4; p<0.01), 30-metre running (t=2.3; p<0.01), 60-metre running (t=4.6; p<0.01), jumping (t=7.5; p<0.01), shuttle run (t=3.0; p<0.01), 6-minute running (t=3.5; p<0.01), torso lifting (t=4.9; p<0.01). Conclusion. The research results testify to high efficiency of using the differentiated physical training methodology based on account of typological features of muscular-activity energy supply at physical education classes at school.